Boga "Basbaas" iyo "Qaji" halkan ayaa laga soo toosiyay

Besbaas, Basbaas ama Qaji (Af Ingiriis : Pepper ama Chilli; Af Carabi : ar‎) waa midho ka mid ah khudaarta taas oo ka baxda dhirta oo lagu darsado cuntada. Midhaha geedka basbaaska waxaa lagu yaqaanaa kuleyl, dhanaan iyo dhadhan diiran shida qofka cunaya. Aalada kimiko ee ku jirta midhaha basbaaska waxaa loo yaqaana "Kabsaysin" (capsaicin) taasi oo leh qaacido noocan ah: 8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide.^[1]^[2]

Basbaasku wuxuu asal ahaan ka yimid qaaradaha Ameerika.^[3] Waxaana markii ugu horeeysay lagu arkay wadanka Kolombiya, halkaasi oo ilaa maanta si dabiici ah uga baxo. Geedka basbaaska waxaa dunida inteeda kale soo gaadhsiiyay gumeystihii Bortuqiiska kaasi oo ka soo qaaday deegaanada Bartamaha Ameerika qarnigii 16aad.

Dunida maanta waxaa ugu soo saaris badan basbaaska waa wadanka Hindiya, sidoo kale wadankani waa kan ugu isticmaalka badan basbaaska aduunka.^[4] Deegaanka Guntur ee koonfurta Hindiya waxay soo saartaa 30% dhammaan basbaaska aduunka.^[5]

Khudaarta besbaasku waa midho dhuuban oo leh midb casaan ah, Besbaaska cas, iyo mid cagaar ah waxaanay ka baxaan geedo yaryar oo gaaban.

Basbaaska waxa lagu yaqaanaa kuleylkiisa, taas oo lagu darsado cuntada ama sidiisa lagu cuno asagoo qaydhiin ah.

Taariikh

Dheri laga helay dhadhanka basbaaska kaasi oo la isticmaali jirey (400 Ciise Hortii ilaa 300 CH)

Geedka basbaasku wuxuu ka mid ahaa cuntada dadka tan iyo ilaa 7,500 Ciise Hortii. Cilmibaadhis kale waxaa lagu ogaaday in geedka basbaaska lagu dhaqan jirey wadanka Meksiko in ka badan 6,000 taasi oo lagu sharaxay inuu ku fiday deegaanada ka hooseeya ee Bartamaha Ameerika.^[6]^[7]

Sahamiyihii reer Yurub ee Kiristofer Kolumbus ayaa ahaa ninkii ugu horeeyay ee reer Yurub ah ee ku arkey basbaaska meelo ka mid ah gasiiradaha Kaaribiyaanka. Ninkan Kolumbus ayaa bixiyey magaca basbaaska ee luuqada ingiriiska "pepper", wuxuuna keenay qaarada Yurub sanadihii ku xigay.^[8]

Qarnigii 15aad wixii ka dambeeyay caan ayuu ka ahaa wadanada Yurub, waxayna sanadihii xigay gaadhsiiyeen dhammaan wadanadii ay gumeeysanayeen ee qaarada Afrika iyo qaarada Aasiya. Geedka basbaasku wuxuu aad ugu fiday oo si fiican looga beertay wadanka Hindiya.^[9]

Sawiro

Geedka basbaaska
Basbaas la shiiday ee loo yaqaano Shigniga
Midhaha basbaaska oo wali bislaan
nooc ka mid ah basbaaska
basbaaska kubanelle
dhadhanka iyo kulka basbaaska
nooc ka mid ah basbaaska
basbaas la qalajiyey, Nepal
dumar ka shaqeeynaya habynta basbaaska, Mexico City
basbaas la qalajiyey
Basbaas diyaar ah magaalada Camman, Jordan
basbaas la qalajieyey Thailand
basbaaska cagaaran
Baasbaaska caanka ku ah wadanka Hindiya

Khudaarta

Khudaarta maalin walba dadku isticmaalaan waxaa ka mid ah kuwo la kariyo iyo kuwo bisil oo sideeda lagu cuno. Isku soo wada duub hoos waxaad ku arki qaar ka mid ah guud ahaan khudaarta.

Tixraac

↑ "Nuqul Archive". Purdue University Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 26 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018. Soo qaatay 20 October 2009. Common name: pepper. Latin name: Capsicum annuum L. ... Harvested organ: fruit. Fruit varies substantially in shape, pericarp thickness, color and pungency. Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin); Hubi qiimaynta taariikhda: |archive-date= (caawin)
↑ Dasgupta, Reshmi R (8 May 2011). http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/et-sunday-magazine/indian-chilli-displacing-jalapenos-in-global-cuisine/articleshow/8190311.cms. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
↑ . www.thenibble.com http://www.thenibble.com/reviews/main/salts/scoville.asp. Soo qaatay 23 October 2013. line feed character in |title= at position 37 (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
↑ . Agrocrops.com http://www.agrocrops.com/red-dry-chillies.php. Soo qaatay 28 August 2013. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
↑ "Nuqul Archive" (PDF). Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original (PDF) 2013-08-10. Soo qaatay 2015-09-19. Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)
↑ "Birthplace of the domesticated chili pepper identified in Mexico" Eurekalert April 21, 2014
↑ . Hort.purdue.edu. 22 August 1997 http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1996/V3-479.html. Soo qaatay 23 December 2010. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
↑ . Thenibble.com. August 2008 http://www.thenibble.com/reviews/main/salts/scoville.asp. Soo qaatay 31 August 2010. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
↑ Collingham, Elizabeth (February 2006). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-09-943786-4. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)

[1] "Nuqul Archive". Purdue University Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 26 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018. Soo qaatay 20 October 2009. Common name: pepper. Latin name: Capsicum annuum L. ... Harvested organ: fruit. Fruit varies substantially in shape, pericarp thickness, color and pungency. Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin); Hubi qiimaynta taariikhda: |archive-date= (caawin)

[2] Dasgupta, Reshmi R (8 May 2011). http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/et-sunday-magazine/indian-chilli-displacing-jalapenos-in-global-cuisine/articleshow/8190311.cms. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)

[3] . www.thenibble.com http://www.thenibble.com/reviews/main/salts/scoville.asp. Soo qaatay 23 October 2013. line feed character in |title= at position 37 (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)

[4] . Agrocrops.com http://www.agrocrops.com/red-dry-chillies.php. Soo qaatay 28 August 2013. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)

[5] "Nuqul Archive" (PDF). Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original (PDF) 2013-08-10. Soo qaatay 2015-09-19. Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)

[6] "Birthplace of the domesticated chili pepper identified in Mexico" Eurekalert April 21, 2014

[7] . Hort.purdue.edu. 22 August 1997 http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1996/V3-479.html. Soo qaatay 23 December 2010. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)

[8] . Thenibble.com. August 2008 http://www.thenibble.com/reviews/main/salts/scoville.asp. Soo qaatay 31 August 2010. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)

[9] Collingham, Elizabeth (February 2006). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-09-943786-4. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)

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