Wikipedia

Digir

Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan digirta. Maqaalo kale fiiri digir guud, faasuliyad, digirta madow, digirta cas, digirta cad
Digir
midhaha digirta
Kala soocida cilmiga ah
Boqortooyo: Plantae
(darajo la'aan): Angiosperms
(darajo la'aan): Eudicots
(darajo la'aan): Rosids
Dirka: Fabales
Bahka: Fabaceae
Bahka hoose: Faboideae
Qabiilka: Phaseoleae
Qabyaalad: Phaseolinae
Duulka: Cowsley
Noocyada: Firi P. vulgaris
Magaca laba-geesoodka ah
Digir Phaseolus vulgaris
Carl Linnaeus[1]

Digir (Af Ingiriis : bean; Af Carabi : ar‎) Saynis ahaan ka mid ah dhirta lagu magacaabo "Phaseolus vulgaris"[2] waa midho Digirta guud taasi oo leh midab casaan iyo cowlaan isku dhex jira.[3][4] Digirtu waxay ka mid tahay dhirta qaniga ku ah nafaqada borotiinka ee firileyda ah, taasi oo ka baxda meelo badan oo dunid ah.[5] Gabi ahaan dhirta geedaha digirtu waa mid dhasha hal mar sanadkii, taasi oo u baahan cimilo iyo biyo kala gedisan.[4] Digirtu waa midho yaryar oo adag, qalalan, leh midabo kala duwan taasi oo ku salaysan cimilada, deegaanka iyo nafaqada geedka. Sidoo kale waxaa saameyn ku leh kala duwanaanta midhaha digirta waa jiiniska (genes),

Digirtu waxay ka mid tahay geedaha ugu taariikhda dheer ee dadku beeran jireen tan iyo ilbaxnimooyinka ka hor, wakhti hada laga joogo 10,000 sano.[6] Sida caadiga ah digirta waxaa maanta laga beerta meel kasta oo caalamka ah, marka laga reebo Antaraktika. Wadanada Baraasiil iyo Hindiya aya ugu badan soo saarida iyo beerida digirta qalalan, halka wadanka Shiinaha ugu badan yahay nooca digirta cagaaran. Sanadkii 2010ka waxaa caalamku guud ahaan soo saaray 23 milyan oo digirta guud ah iyo 17.1 milyan oo digirta cagaaran ah.

Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo digir ah kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah: digirta caadiga ah, faasuliyada, digirta madow, digirta cas, digirta cad iyo noocyo kale oo badan. In kastoo meelo badan ay ka baxdo digirtu, hadana labada Ameeriko ayaa lagu sheegaa ineey asal ahaan ka soo jeedo.



Beerida Digirta wax ka badal

 
Beeraha digirta ka baxdo

Si ka duwan mida ay isku dhow yihiin ee digirta cagaaran, digirtu waa midho la beero wakhtiyada cimiladu diiran (kuleyl yar) tahay. Waxay digirtu ku qaangaadhaa 55 ilaa 60 cisho ka soo biloow wakhtiga beerista ilaa bislaanshaha. Marka iniinta digirtu ay bislaan rabto waxay bedeshaa midabkeeda oo noqda huruud isla markaana way adkaataa waxayna yeelataa qolof ama dahaar khafiif ah. Taariikh ahaan waxaa la sheegay in markii ugu horeeysay lagu beeran jiray qaaradaha Ameerika (koonfur iyo waqooyi), halkaasi oo dadka deegaanku u isticmaali jireen cunto ahaa. Waxay geedka digirta ku dhex beeri jireen geedo kale sida galleyda si uu taageero uga helo.


Taariikh wax ka badal

Digirtu waa mid la beeran jirey ilaa wakhtiyo aad u horeeyay. Meelo badan oo kala duwan ayaa laga helay digir aad u taariikh dheer. Noocyo ka mid ah digirta waxaa laga beeran jirey wadanka Afgaanistan iyo buuraha Himalayas.[7] Sidoo kale nooc ka duwan waxaa laga beeran jiray wadanka Taylaan wakhti imika laga joogo 7,000 sano.[8] Waxaa iyadana xusid mudan in boqortooyadii hore e Masar ay isticmaali jireen digirta.[9] Sidoo kale deegaano badan oo ka mid ah qaaradaha Ameerika waxaa laga beeran jirey digirta wakhti imika laga joogo 8,000 sano, taasi oo qaaradahaas ka dhigeysa kuwa ugu da'da weyn ee inta la ogyahay taariikhda beerashada digirta caalamka.

Soo Saarida wax ka badal

 
Digirta laga beero deegano ka mid ah koonfurbari Aasiya

Wadanka ugu horeeya soo saarida digirta guud waa wadanka Burma, waxaa ku xiga Hindiya iyo Baraasiil. Dhinaca kale wadano badan oo Afrikaan ah ayaa beerta oo soo saara, waxaana ugu soo saarid badan wadanka Tansaaniya.


Tobanka Wadan Ugu Soo Saarida Badan—2013
Wadanka Soo Saarka (tan)
Burma 3,800,000|
Hindiya 3,630,000|
Baraasiil 2,936,444|
Shiinaha 1,400,000|
Meksiko 1,294,634|
Tansaaniya 1,150,000|
Maraykanka 1,110,668
Kiinya 529,265
Yugandha 461,000*
Ruwanda 438,236
Caalamka oo dhan 23,139,004
Astaan = Ilaha akhbaartan: Hay'ada Cuntada Aduunka (FAO)[10]


Muuqaalka wax ka badal

Qoraalo La Xidhiidha wax ka badal


Tixraac wax ka badal

  1. ↑ "Nuqul Archive". Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 2017-10-02. Soo qaatay 2015-09-21.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)
  2. ↑ Gentry, Howard Scott. Economic Botany. New York Botanical Garden Press. 23 (1): 55–69. JSTOR 4253014. doi:10.1007/BF02862972.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  3. ↑ "eb9|Gram" in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. XI. 1880.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Nuqul Archive". Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 12 October 2014. Soo qaatay 21 October 2014.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)
  5. ↑ Philologos (October 21, 2005). The Jewish Daily Forward]] http://www.forward.com/articles/2119/. Soo qaatay 2009-03-28.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  6. ↑ Phillips, R.; Rix, M. Random House. ISBN 9780679750246 http://books.google.ca/books/about/Vegetables.html?id=DKVFAAAAYAAJ.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  7. ↑ Kaplan, pp. 27 ff
  8. ↑ Gorman, CF. Science. 163 (3868): 671–3. PMID 17742735. doi:10.1126/science.163.3868.671.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  9. ↑ Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf Domestication of Plants in the Old World Oxford University Press, 2012, ISBN 0199549060, p. 114.
  10. ↑ . Fao.org http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor. Soo qaatay 2 February 2015.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
 
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