Baqdaad
Baqdaad (bæɡdæd, bəɡdæd /; Arabic: بغداد [baɣdaːd] (ku saabsan codkan maqal)) waa caasimadda Ciraaq. Dadka ku nool magaalada Baqdaad ilaa 2016-ka, waa qiyaastii 8,765,000 [2], [citation needed] [note 1] waxay ka dhigeysaa magaalada ugu weyn Ciraaq, magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn dalalka Carabta (ka dib Qaahira, Masar), iyo magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn Galbeedka Aasiya (ka dib Tehran, Iraan).
Baqdaad بغداد | |
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File:Baghdad collage.png Clockwise from top: Aerial view of the Green Zone; Al-Mustansiriya University; Al-Kadhimiya Mosque; Swords of Qadisiyah monument; and the National Museum of Iraq | |
Nickname(s): 'Daaru salaam'(magaalada nabad galyada)[1] | |
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Coordinates: 33°20′N 44°23′E / 33.333°N 44.383°ECoordinates: 33°20′N 44°23′E / 33.333°N 44.383°E (33°20′N 44°23′E / 33.333°N 44.383°E) | |
Wadanka | Iraq |
Governorate | Baghdad |
La aasaasay | 762 AD |
Founded by | Al-Mansur |
Dowlada | |
• Nuuca | Mayor–council |
• Body | Baghdad City Advisory Council |
• Mayor | Calaa al-micmaari |
Area | 204.2 km2 (78.8 sq mi) |
Joogga | 34 m (112 ft) |
Tirada dadka | |
• Estimate (2016)[note 1] | 8,765,000 |
• Rank | 1st |
• Urban | 11,500,000 |
• Metro | 13,500,000 |
Magac kale | Magaalada wareegsan, al-zowraa, daaru salaam |
Aag saacadeed | UTC+3 (Arabian Standard Time) |
• Xagaa (DST) | UTC+3 (No DST) |
Postal code | 10001 to 10090 |
Website | Mayoralty of Baghdad |
Waxay ku taallaa Wabiga Tigris, magaalada waxaa la aasaasay qarnigii 8aad waxayna noqotey caasimadda khilaafda cabaasiyiinta. Waqtiga gaaban ee dhismaheeda, Baqdaad wuxuu kobciyay xarun dhaqameed, ganacsi iyo xarun cilmiyeed oo caalamka Islaamka ah. Tani, marka laga reebo guriyeynta hay'adaha muhiimka ah ee aasaasiga ah (tusaale ahaan, beytul xikma), ayaa magaalada u qabatay sumcad weyn oo adduunka ah "Xarunta Waxbarashada".
Baqdaad waxay ahayd magaaladii ugu ballaadhnayd ee qarniyadii dhexe ee waagii hore ee abaartii cabasiyiinta, oo ka soo jeeda dad ka badan hal milyan. Magaaladan waxaa lagu burburiyay gacanta Mongol Empire 1258, taas oo keentay hoos u dhac ku imanaya qarniyo badan iyada oo ay sabab u yihiin ba'an iyo dhowr isbiirsaday oo isdaba joog ah. Iyadoo aqoonsiga Ciraaq uu yahay dawlad madax-banaan (horeyna loo xilsaaray Mandheera), 1938-kii, Baqdaad waxay dib u soo celisay qaar ka mid ah boondhigii hore ee xaruntii weynaa ee dhaqanka Carabta.
Waqtiyada casriga ah, magaaladu waxay badanaa la kulmeysaa burburka dhismaha daran, ugu dambeyntii sababtoo ah weerarradii 2003 ee Ciraaq, iyo Dagaalkii Ciraaq ee sii socday ilaa Diseembar 2011. Sanadihii ugu dambeeyay, magaaladu waxaa badanaa la kulmay weerarrada kacdoonka. Dagaalku wuxuu keenay natiijo weyn oo ka timid dhaqanka iyo farshaxanka taariikhiga ah. Laga soo bilaabo 2012, Ciraaq wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu raaxada badan ee adduunka ku nool si uu u noolaado, [6] waxaana loo kala qaaday Mercer oo ah kii ugu xumaa 221 magaalo oo waaweyn oo lagu qiyaaso nolol tayo leh.
Magaca
wax ka badalMagaca Baqdaad waa horaan Islaami ah, asalkeedana waa la isku haystaa. [8] Barta internetka ee magaalada Baqdaad ay soo saartay ayaa lagu qiyaasay sanado badan. Qarnigii 8aad ee AD, tuulooyin dhowr ah ayaa halkaas ka soo baxayay, oo ay ku jiraan Faaris [9] [10] tuulan oo la yiraahdo Baqdaad, magaca magaciisa loo isticmaali doono magaalada caasimadda cabaasiyiinta
Qorayaasha Carabta, oo ka soo baxaya asalkiisa Islaamka ee ka soo baxa magaca Ciraaq, guud ahaan wuxuu raadiyey xididadiisa Faaris. [8] Waxay soo jeediyeen kala duwanaansho kala duwan, oo ah kuwa ugu caansan ee ay "Ilaah u bixisay". [8] Aqoonyahanada casriga ahi guud ahaan waxay u muuqdaan inay ka faa'iideystaan ficilkan, [8] oo ereyga u eegaya ereyga ah bacda (Baghpahlavi.png) "ilaah" iyo dadd (Diinpahlavi.png) "la siiyey", [12] [13] Old Persian xubinta ugu horeysa ayaa la raadin karaa bogu waxana ay la xiriirtaa bogga Slavic "godka", [14] halka halka labaad lagu raadin karo dad. Ereyga isku midka ah ee Faransiiska Dhexe waa magaca Mithradāt (Mihrdād ee Faaruuska Cusub), oo lagu yaqaan afka Ingiriisiga ee Mitridates ee Hellenistic, taasoo macnaheedu yahay "hadiyad Mithra" (waa nooc ka mid ah qaabka gaaban, oo la xidhiidha datka Latin iyo deeq bixiyaha Ingiriisiga [ 14]. Waxaa jira meelo kale oo ku yaalla gobolka oo dhan, kuwaas oo magacyadoodu ay ka mid yihiin erayga ereyga, oo ay ku jiraan Baghlan iyo Bagram oo ku yaalla Afqanistan ama tuulo loo yaqaan Bagh-šan ee Iran. Magaca magaalada Baqdaad ee Georgia waxay wadaagaan asalka asalka ah ee asalka ah. [17] [18]
Qaar ka mid ah qorayaasha ayaa soo jeediyay asal ahaan kuwii hore, oo magacooda, gaar ahaan magaca Bagdadu ama Hudadu oo ku jiray Old Baabiliyoon (oo lagu qoray calaamad muujin karta labada bac iyo call), iyo magaca Baabil Talmudic oo ah meel la yiraahdo "Baghdatha". [8] [19] [20] Qaar ka mid ah culimada waxay soo jeediyeen kala-soocidda Aramaatiga [8] Markii al-Mansur, Abuu Mansuur wuxuu aasaasay magaalo cusub oo caasimadiisa, wuxuu doortay Madinat al-Salaam ama Magaalada Nabadda. Tani waxa ay ahayd magaca rasmiga ah ee miisaanka, miisaanka, iyo isticmaalka rasmiga ah ee rasmiga ah, inkastoo dadku ay sii wadaan isticmaalka magaca hore. [21] [22] [ilo aan la isku hallaynin] Qarnigii 11aad, "Ciraaq" waxay noqotay ku dhawaad magaca gaarka ah loogu talagalay magaalo weyn oo caan ah.
Taariikhda
wax ka badalDhisida baqdaad
wax ka badal-
Al-Shaheed, (Martyr's Monument), Zawra Park, Baghdad
Xigasho
wax ka badal- ↑ Petersen, Andrew (13 September 2011). "Nuqul Archive". Islamic Arts & Architecture. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 16 Bisha Sagaalaad 2016. Soo qaatay 10 Bisha Sagaalaad 2018. Barameter aan la aqoon
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ignored (caawin); Hubi qiimaynta taariikhda:|access-date=, |archive-date=
(caawin) - ↑ سكان بغداد في عام 2016 Archived Oktoobar 19, 2017 // Wayback Machine Archived 2017-10-19 at the Wayback Machine Template:وصلة مكسورة
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