Wikipedia

Saldanadii Cadal

(Waxaa laga soo toosiyay Adal)

Saldanada Awdal (Carabi: عدل; Wadaad: ‏سَلْدَنَدي عَدَلْ‎; Af Ingiriis : Adal; micno ahaan "Cadaalad") (sidoo kale loo yaqaanay Boqortooyada Adal) waxay aheyd boqortooyo xukumi jirtay deegaano badan oo ka tirsan Gobolka Awdal ee Somaliland, meelo ka mid ah dhulka Itoobiya iyo Jabuuti ilaa Eratareya. Boqortooyada Cadal waxey ka mid ahayd boqortooyada ugu taariikhda dheeraa uguna awooda weynaa gayiga iyo deegaanada ay dagaan dadka Somaliland iyo agagaarkooda. In kastoo boqortooyadu ka bilaabantey magaalada taariikhiga ah ee xuddunta u ahayd ee Saylac waxay saldhigyo waaweyn ku lahayd magaalada Harare iyo nawaaxigeeda. Magaalada Saylac ayay ka bilaabantey boqortooyadu ka dib ku fidey deegaanka geeska Afrika. Sanadihii 1415 ilaa 1577 ayay boqortooyada Cadal ugu awood badneyd goortaas ooy maamuleysay in ka badan shan kun oo kilomitir isku wareeg ah.

Suldaanada Awdal

900–1559
wadajirka sadex astaan calan uu isticmaaley Ahmad al-Ghazi[1]
Coat of arms
Deegaanada ay ka talineysay wakhtigii Saldanada Adal ugu awooda badneyd qiyaastii 1500.
XaruntaSaylac (caasimada ugu horeeysay, iyo saldhiga ugu weynaa)[2]
Dakkar (caasimad cusub ee Saldanada)
Harar (magaalo-madaxdii ugu dambeysay)
LuuqadaSomali, Carabi, Ge'ez, Canfar, Harari
Diinta
Diinta
DowladdaSaldanad ama boqortooyo
Sulṭān, Imam, EmirHogaamiye
Dhacdooyinka TaariikhigaWaayihii hore
• Aasaasay
900
• Dagaalkii Yeshaq I
900–1429
• Caasimada ka dhigtey Dakkar
1433
• Muran ka dhashay xilqabasho
1518–1526
• Caasimad ku wareegay Harar
1520
• Dagaalkii Cadal iyo Itoobiya
1529–1543
• Burburtey
1559
Preceded by
Saldanadi Ifat
Maanta qeyb ka ahFile:Flag of somalia.svg Somaliland
 Ethiopia
 Djibouti

Boqortooyada Cadal sidoo kale loo yaqaano Adal waxa lagu xasuustaa dagaalo waaweyn oo ay inta badan la galeen Itoobiya.

Taariikhda Awdal

Boqortooyada Awdal (sidoo kale Awdal, Adl, ama Adel ) [3] waxay xuddun u ahayd Seila, oo ahayd caasimadeeda. [4] [5] [6] Waxaa aasaasay qabaa'illada maxalliga ah ee Soomaaliyeed bilowgii qarnigii 9aad. Zeila waxay soo jiidatay ganacsatada adduunka oo dhan, waxayna gacan ka geysteen hodanka magaalada. Zeila waa magaalo qadiim ah waxayna ka mid ahayd magaalooyinkii ugu horreeyay adduunka ee ay qaataan Islaamka .[7]


Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi, oo ah aqoonyahan Muslim ah oo reer Armenian ah isla markaana safar ah, wuxuu qoray in Boqortooyada Adal ay tahay boqortooyo aad u yar isla markaana Zeila ay u shaqeysay xaruntii boqortooyada, oo taariikhdu ku beegneyd bilowgii qarnigii. [8] [9]


Diinta islaamka ayaa lagu soo rogay gobolka Geeska hore horaantii gacanka carbeed, waxyar kadib hijriyada . Masaajidka al-Qiblatayn ee magaalada 'Meila' ee laba mhrab masaajidka waxay taariikhdu ahayd qiyaastii qarnigii 7-aad, waana Masjidka ugu da'da weyn Afrika . [10] Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi wuxuu qoray in muslimiintu ku noolaayeen dhinaca badda woqooyi ee Soomaaliya. [11] [12] Sharciga ayaa waxaa xukumayey aasaaska somalida maxalliga ah ee ay asaasay Adelites. [13] Taariikhda Adal laga soo bilaabo xilligan aas-aaska waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa dagaallo is xigxigay oo lala galay Abtiyoland deris la ah. [12]


Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn wuxuu ku dhashay Zeila muddadii boqortooyada Adal. Al-Kawneyn waa muwaadin Soomaaliyeed oo Muslim ah. [14] Waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu yahay aasaasaha iyo abtirsiinta qoyska boqortooyada ee loo yaqaan ' Walashma Dynasty', kaasoo markii dambe xukumayay Ifat Sultanate iyo Adal Sultanate intii lagu jiray qarniyadii dhexe. [14] [15]

Suldaanada Boqortooyada

Luuqada

Dhaqaalaha

Sidoo kale eeg

Tixraac

  1. ↑ "the king of Zeila [Imam Ahmad] ascended a hill with several horse and some foot to examine us: he halted on the top with three hundred horse and three large banners, two white with red moons, and one red with a white moon, which always accompanied him, and [by] which he was recognized." Richard Stephen Whiteway, The Portuguese expedition to Abyssinia in 1541-1543 as Narrated by Castanhoso, Kraus Reprint, 1967, p. 41
  2. ↑ name="Lewispd"
  3. ↑ Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, Historical Dictionary of Somalia, new edn, African Historical Dictionary Series, 87 (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2003), s.v. Awdal [p. 44];
  4. ↑ Lewis, I. M. (1999-01-01). James Currey Publishers. ISBN 9780852552803 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA17&dq=&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH3ZHswuDTAhXsI8AKHbvCDaYQ6AEITzAI#v=onepage&q=%22Adal%20was%20based%20on%20the%20port%20of%20Zeila',%20%22&f=false.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  5. ↑ Shinn, David H.; Ofcansky, Thomas P. (2013-04-11). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810874572 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WU92d6sB8JAC&pg=PA20&dq=&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH3ZHswuDTAhXsI8AKHbvCDaYQ6AEIKDAB#v=onepage&q=%22and%20the%20lowlands%20between%20shoa%20province%20and%20the%20port%20of%20zeila%20in%20present-day%20somaliland%22&f=false.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  6. ↑ Pieter, Esterhuysen (2013-12-07). Africa Institute of South Africa. ISBN 9780798303446 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=f2R8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA347&dq=&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwitmab6zeDTAhUMJ8AKHZidDq44ChDoAQgtMAI#v=snippet&q=%22area%20where%20the%20state%20of%20djibouti%22&f=false.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  7. ↑ M. H. Mukhtar, 'Adal Sultanate', in The Encyclopedia of Empire (Wiley, 2016), Template:DOI; .
  8. ↑ . Americana Corporation. p. 255 https://books.google.ca/books?id=OP5LAAAAMAAJ.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  9. ↑ Lewis, I.M. International African Institute. p. 140 https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  10. ↑ Briggs, Phillip. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 7. ISBN 1841623717 https://www.google.com/books?id=M6NI2FejIuwC.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  11. ↑ . Americana Corporation. p. 255 https://books.google.ca/books?id=OP5LAAAAMAAJ.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Lewis, I.M. International African Institute. p. 140 https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  13. ↑ Africanus, Leo (1526). Hakluyt Society. pp. 51–54 https://archive.org/stream/historyanddescr03porygoog#page/n180/mode/2up.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society"; Lewis, I.M.; The Red Sea Press; (1998); retrieved 22 September 2015.
  15. ↑ Nehemia Levtzion; Randall Pouwels (Mar 31, 2000). Ohio University Press. p. 242.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
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